撰写起诉状是启动民事诉讼程序的第一步，它是一份正式的法律文件，用于向法院提出诉讼请求并阐述案件的事实和法律依据。一份有效的起诉状应该遵循特定的格式和要求，同时包含必要的元素以使法院了解案件的性质、当事人的身份以及请求的具体内容。以下是撰写起诉状的指南，包括必备的格式与关键要素：
一、标题部分（Caption）： 1. 法院名称：应具体列出提起诉讼的法院的全称。 2. 诉讼各方姓名：原告与被告的完整姓名应分别列明。 3. 案件编号：如果已分配，应注明案件的编号。 4. 案由或子案由（若适用）：简要说明案件的类型或争议焦点。
二、当事人信息（Parties and Jurisdiction）： 1. 原被告身份：详细描述原被告的个人信息，包括全名、地址、联系方式等。 2. 管辖权声明：解释为什么该特定法院对该案件有管辖权。
三、事实陈述（Statement of Facts）： 1. 案件背景介绍：清晰而简练地叙述案件的基本情况。 2. 具体侵权行为/违约行为：详细描述导致纠纷的行为或事件。 3. 影响和损害：概述这些行为对当事人造成的实际损失和伤害。
四、法律规定（Applicable Law）： 1. 适用的法律法规：引用支持原告诉求的所有相关法律条款和规定。 2. 法律分析：解释这些法律是如何适用于当前情况的。
五、诉讼请求（Prayer for Relief）： 1. 明确具体的请求事项：例如，金钱赔偿、停止侵害、恢复原状等。 2. 对未来行为的限制或命令：如禁止令或其他永久性禁令。
六、附件（Exhibits）： 如有必要，应附上支持诉状的证据材料，如合同副本、通信记录、照片等。
七、结尾（Conclusion）： 要求法院给予所请求的救济措施，并声明原告将遵守所有法庭指令。
八、签署及日期（Signature and Date）： 起诉状应由原告的律师或者原告本人签字，并标注日期。
九、送达信息（Service Information）： 提供如何将起诉状和相关文件送达给对方的指示。
十、费用减免申请（Fee Waiver Request, 如果适用）： 如果原告无力支付诉讼费用，可能需要在诉状中包含一份费用减免的申请。
十一、其他注意事项： - 确保起诉状中的每个主张都有充分的事实和法律依据。 - 避免使用情绪化语言或不必要的细节，保持客观和中立的态度。 - 在提交前仔细校对，确保没有拼写错误或语法错误。 - 根据法院的要求调整格式，有些法院可能有特定的页边距、字体大小和行间距要求。
十二、案例分析示例： 以下是一个虚构的例子，展示了一份起诉状可能会如何呈现：
[标题] [text In the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
John Smith v. ABC Corporation Case No.: 202X-CV-XXXXXX
[当事人信息] Jurisdiction is proper in this court because the events giving rise to this action occurred within the State of New York, and both Plaintiff John Smith ("Smith") and Defendant ABC Corporation ("ABC") are residents of said state.
[事实陈述] On January 1st, 202X, Plaintiff entered into a written employment contract with Defendant ABC Corporation, which set forth terms of his employment as a Senior Software Engineer. The contract stated that Smith would be employed on an "at will" basis, meaning either party could terminate the relationship at any time without cause. However, it also contained a provision stating that if ABC terminated Smith's employment other than for just cause, he would receive severance pay equal to six months' salary plus benefits.
On December 15th, 202X, without notice or explanation, ABC informed Smith that his services were no longer needed, effectively terminating his employment. Despite requests from Smith, ABC has refused to provide him with the promised severance payment. As a result, Smith has suffered significant financial hardship and emotional distress due to lost wages and benefits.
[法律规定] Under New York law, contracts must be enforced according to their terms unless they violate public policy or contain illegal provisions. In this case, there is no allegation that the employment agreement between Smith and ABC contains such violations. Therefore, the clear language of the contract should be upheld.
Furthermore, ABC's conduct constitutes breach of contract under Article 2-316(1) of the Uniform Commercial Code adopted by New York State, which states that "any breach by one party of its obligation under a contract gives rise to reasonable expectations of damages in favor of the nonbreaching party."
[诉讼请求] Therefore, Plaintiff hereby demands judgment against Defendant ABC Corporation for the following relief:
a. Payment of $60,000 representing the agreed-upon severance amount; b. Prejudgment interest on the above sum from the date of termination until paid in full; c. Attorney's fees incurred in prosecuting this matter; d. Costs associated with bringing this suit; e. Such further relief as this Honorable Court deems just and equitable.
[附件] The original Employment Contract dated January 1st, 202X is attached hereto as Exhibit A. Correspondence regarding the termination and subsequent denial of severance payment is included as Exhibit B.
[结论] Wherefore, Plaintiff respectfully requests that this Honorable Court enter judgment in his favor consistent with these prayers for relief.
[签署及日期] Dated: [Date]
[Plaintiff's Name], pro se or [Attorney's Name] [Attorney Bar Number]
[送达信息] This Summons and Complaint shall be served upon the registered agent for service of process for Defendant ABC Corporation at its principal place of business located at:
Defendant ABC Corporation c/o Registered Agent Name 123 Main Street Anytown, NY 12345
This document may also be electronically filed through the court's electronic filing system, if available.
[其他注意事项] Please note that all deadlines and procedures must be strictly followed according to the rules of civil procedure applicable to this court. Failure to do so may lead to dismissal of the case or adverse rulings.
[案例分析示例结束] 请注意，以上只是一个指导性的模板，实际情况可能会有所不同，具体取决于案件的特性和当地法律的规定。在准备起诉状时，务必咨询专业律师以确保符合所有适用法律的要求。
